2011 | ABRIDGED
MATHEMATICS FRAMEWORK
|
4
The type of calculator students may use varies by
grade level, as follows:
•
•
Grade 4:
a four-function calculator is
supplied to students
•
•
Grade 8:
a scientifc calculator is supplied
to students
•
•
Grade 12:
students are allowed to bring
whatever calculator, graphing or other, they
are accustomed to using in the classroom,
with some restrictions for test security
purposes. For students who do not bring a
calculator to use on the assessment, NAEP
will provide a scientifc calculator.
MATHEMATICAL
CONTENT AREAS
Number Properties and Operations
Numbers let us talk in a precise way about anything
that can be counted, measured, or located in space.
Number sense, or the comfort in dealing with
numbers effectively, is a major expectation of the
NAEP Mathematics Assessment. Number sense
includes frm intuition about what numbers tell us;
an understanding of the ways to represent them
symbolically (including facility with converting
between different representations); the ability to
calculate, either exactly or approximately, and by
several means (mentally, with paper and pencil, or
with calculator); skill in estimation; and the ability to
deal with proportion (including percent).
In fourth grade, students are expected to have a
solid grasp of whole numbers as represented by the
decimal system and to begin to understand fractions.
They should be able to perform such tasks as
identifying place values and actual value of digits in
whole numbers and adding, subtracting, multiplying,
and dividing whole numbers.
By eighth grade, they should be comfortable with
rational numbers, represented either as decimal
fractions (including percents) or as common fractions,
and be able to use them to solve problems involving
proportionality and rates. At grade 8, students should
also have some familiarity with naturally occurring
irrational numbers, such as square roots and pi.
By 12th grade, students should be comfortable
dealing with all types of real numbers and various
representations, such as exponents or logarithms.
Students at grade 12 should be familiar with
complex numbers and should be able to establish the
validity of numerical properties using mathematical
arguments.
Measurement
Measurement is the process by which numbers are
assigned to describe the world quantitatively. This
process involves selecting the attribute of the object
or event to be measured, comparing this attribute to a
unit, and reporting the number of units. Measurement